January 17, 2011

 Random Access Memory (RAM)

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RAM stands for Random Access Memory. It is also known as read/write memory, main memory and primary memory. RAM is a temporary memory it stores data temporarily and once the power is switched off, the information in the RAM is lost. Information that is stored permanently is written to the hard drive. So RAM is known as volatile memory. Volatile means the information is lost when the computer is switched off or when power fails. RAM is measured in kilobytes (or) Megabytes (or) Gigabytes.


RAM is mainly Three types:
1. Static Ram (SRAM)
2. Dynamic Ram (DRAM)
3. Cache Memory


Static Ram:
This is Ram provides a static storage of data. It is fast, has lower access time and Expensive.

Dynamic Ram:
This is computer memory, that losses its memory capability once the power source is removed. It is slower, has higher access time than SRAM. Dynamic Ram cheaper than SRAM.

Cache Memory:
It is very high speed memory that is much faster than primary memory. This cache memory is faster but more expensive to have bigger size of cache memory and its size is normally small.  Data is transferred automatically between the buffer and primary storage. Cache memories are accessed much faster than conventional RAM.

Different Types of RAM Memory :

Measuring Unit of Computer:
Bit : Stands for binary digit. 0 or 1 is called a bit (1 means ON, 0 means OFF). A 'bit' is the smallest memory unit of a computer.
Byte : Stands for 8 binary digits a group of 8 bits equal to 1 byte

Term Definition :
Kb - Kilobit
KB - Kilobyte
Mb - Megabit
MB - Megabyte
Gb – Gigabit
GB - Gigabyte
Tb - Terabit
TB - Terabyte



Measuring Memory: 
K, Kb, KB :
K (Kilo, thousand) Kb (Kilobit) one thousand bits
KB (Kilobyte) one thousand bytes
1 KB equal to 1,024 bytes or 210 bytes

M, Mb, MB :
M (Mega, million) 
Mb (Megabit) one million bits
MB (Megabyte) one million bytes
1 MB equal to 1,048,576 bytes or 220 bytes

G, Gb, GB :
G (Giga, billion) 
Gb (Gigabit) one billion bits
GB (Gigabyte) one billion bytes
1GB equal to 1,073,741,824 bytes or 230 bytes

T, Tb, TB :
T (Tera, trillion) 
Tb (Terabit) one trillion bits
TB (Terabyte) one trillion bytes
1 TB equal to 1,099,511,627,776 bytes or 240 bytes

RAM Types and Definition: 
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
DIMM - Dual Inline Memory Module
SO-DIMM - Small Outline Dual Inline Memory Module
RIMM - Rambus Inline Memory Module
SO-RIMM - Small Outline Rambus Inline Memory Module
SRAM - Static Random Access Memory
SDR - Single Data Rate
RDRAM - Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory
DDR - Double Data Rate
DRAM - Dynamic Random Access Memory or Module
SDRAM - Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
DDR-SDRAM - Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
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October 29, 2010

 Memory Types

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MEMORY UNIT AND IT'S TYPES:
There are two types of computer memory (1) Primary (2) Secondary. Primary memory is accessible directly by the processing unit. RAM is an example of primary memory. RAM stores data temporarily. RAM will loose its contents when the power is switched off or if there is power failure. Secondary memory is located outside the computer. Primary  memory is more expensive than secondary memory. Secondary storage devices to store large quantity of data for future use.

 
Memory Unit :
It is a device that can accept data or instruction, hold them and deliver then on demand at a later time. The  memory unit is also referred as primary storage.

Memory is of two types.
I. Primary Memory
II. Secondary Memory

(I). Primary Memory:
Primary Memory  is mainly of two types

(a) Random Access Memory (RAM)
(b) Read only memory (ROM)

(a) Random Access Memory (RAM)
During the executing of a program that data required by the program is stored in Ram. It provides a volatile storage, i.e. the data are lost in the even to a power failure. So Ram used to store data temporarily.


RAM is 3 types:
1. Dynamic Ram (DRAM)
2. Static Ram (SRAM)
3. Cache Memory

Dynamic Ram:
This is computer memory, that losses its memory capability once the power source is removed.

Static Ram:
This is Ram of Ram provides a static storage of data.

Cache Memory:
It is very speed memory which used to store portion of a programme from the main memory temporarily. This cache memory is more faster but more expensive. Data is transferred automatically between the buffer and primary storage.

(b) Read only memory (ROM):
In this memory, basic start up routines and BIOS (Basic Input Output Systems) are permanently loaded during the manufacturing time. It provides a non-volatile storage. i.e., the data does not get erased when the power is switched off.

ROM is 4 Types :
(a) ROM (Read Only Memory) :
This is stored at the time of manufacture of the chips

(b) Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM):
Once the chip has been programme, the recorded information can't be changed. i.e. the PROM becomes rom and the storaged information can only be read.

(c) Erasable & Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM):
It is similar to PROM except that erasing is possible by exposing to ultraviolet Radiation.

(d) Electrically Erasable & Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM):
A recently developed type of memory that can be programmed and erased by electrically signals. EEPROM used in many electronic devices.

(II).Secondary Memory:
Secondary memory storage is used to store the data and program permanently.Secondary memory is located outside the computer. Secondary storage devices to store large quantity of data for future use.



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